The Comparison of Reality Therapy and Existential Theory...

The Comparison of Reality Therapy and Existential Theory in Addiction Counseling: The Case of Jack Walden University The case of Jack illustrates a number of dilemmas faced by addiction counselors; namely, his resistance to treatment and external locus of control. Jack not only denies his need for counseling, but also denies that his alcohol use is any fault of his own. Thus, this paper will serve to analyze and evaluate two therapeutic approaches that emphasize personal responsibility and internal locus of control. First, reality therapy may prove effective with Jack because it frames problems as goals, and also does not believe in the power of outside forces and the past (Miller,†¦show more content†¦A weakness, at least in the case of Jack, may be reality theory’s lack of interest in past events and outside forces. Similarly, these characteristics can also be strengths of the theory; however, Jack has experienced significant trauma (the loss of his legs in the war and his recent medical news) that may hinder his ability to recognize the role of his individual behaviors in his addiction. These weaknesses do not discount the possible success of reality therapy with Jack, but may make success more gradual. The significant trauma and suffering that Jack has experienced may also be addressed through an existential approach. Existential theory acknowledges that life is challenging, unfair, and (according to most theorists) devoid of intrinsic meaning (Frankl, 1985). This tenet validates Jack’s overt anger towards his wife and the loss of his legs. However, existential theory also posits that, though life can be challenging, individuals are autonomous in their decision to suffer. So, Jack’s unhappiness (and resultant addiction) is not the direct result of past traumatic events, but of his negative perspective and subsequent behaviors. This tenant can both empower and discourage clients; on one hand, the client is able to escape their self-imposed entrapment stemming from life’s struggles, on the other hand, the client

Purdue Owl Free Essays

Engagement Welcome to the Purdue OWL This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue (http://owl. english. purdue. We will write a custom essay sample on Purdue Owl or any similar topic only for you Order Now edu/). When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom. Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee. Summary: This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing. Four Main Components for Effective Outlines Ideally, you should follow these four suggestions to create an effective outline. The examples are taken from the Sample Outline handout. Parallelism – How do I accomplish this? Each heading and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb, the second heading should be a verb. Example: 1. Choose Desired Colleges 2. Prepare Application (â€Å"Choose† and â€Å"Prepare† are both verbs. The present tense of the verb is usually the preferred form for an outline) Coordination – How do I accomplish this? All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The same goes for the subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings). Example: 1. Visit and evaluate college campuses 2. Visit and evaluate college websites 1. Note important statistics 2. Look for interesting classes (Campus and websites visits are equally significant. They are part of the main tasks you would owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/owlprint/544/ 1/4 29/10/2010 Purdue OWL Engagement need to do. Finding statistics and classes found on college websites are parts of the process involved in carrying out the main heading topics. ) Subordination – How do I accomplish this? The information in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific. Example: 1. Describe an influential person in your life 1. Favorite high school teacher 2. Grandparent (A favorite teacher and grandparent are specific examples from the generalized category of influential people in your life. ) Division – How do I accomplish this? Each heading should be divided into 2 or more parts. Example: 1. Compile resume 1. List relevant coursework 2. List work experience 3. List volunteer experience (The heading â€Å"Compile resume† is divided into 3 parts. ) Technically, there is no limit to the number of subdivisions for your headings; however, if you seem to have a lot, it may be useful to see if some of the parts can be combined. Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee. Summary: This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing. Why and How to Create a Useful Outline Why create an outline? There are many reasons; but in general, it may be helpful to create an outline when you want to show the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information. For research papers, an outline may help you keep track of large amounts of information. For creative writing, an outline may help organize the various plot threads and help keep track of character traits. Many people find that organizing an oral report or presentation in outline form helps them speak more effectively in front of a crowd. Below are the primary reasons for creating an outline. Aids in the process of writing owl. english. purdue. du/owl/owlprint/544/ 2/4 29/10/2010 Purdue OWL Engagement Helps you organize your ideas Presents your material in a logical form Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing Constructs an ordered overview of your writing Defines boundaries and groups How do I create an outline? Determine the purpose of your paper. Determine the audience you are writing for. Develop the the sis of your paper. Then: Brainstorm: List all the ideas that you want to include in your paper. Organize: Group related ideas together. Order: Arrange material in subsections from general to specific or from abstract to concrete. Label: Create main and sub headings. Remember: creating an outline before writing your paper will make organizing your thoughts a lot easier. Whether you follow the suggested guidelines is up to you, but making any kind of outline (even just some jotting down some main ideas) will be beneficial to your writing process. Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee. Summary: This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing. Types of Outlines and Samples Alphanumeric Outlines This is the most common type of outline and usually instantly recognizable to most people. The formatting follows these characters, in this order: Roman Numerals Capitalized Letters Arabic Numerals Lowercase Letters If the outline needs to subdivide beyond these divisions, use Arabic numerals inside parentheses and then lowercase letters inside parentheses. Select the â€Å"Sample Outlines† PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline. The sample PDF in the Media Box above is an example of an outline that a student might create owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/owlprint/544/ 3/4 29/10/2010 Purdue OWL Engagement efore writing an essay. In order to organize her thoughts and make sure that she has not forgotten any key points that she wants to address, she creates the outline as a framework for her essay. What is the assignment? Your instructor asks the class to write an expository (explanatory) essay on the typical steps a high school student would follow in ord er to apply to college. What is the purpose of this essay? To explain the process for applying to college Who is the intended audience for this essay? High school students intending to apply to college and their parents What is the essay’s thesis statement? When applying to college, a student follows a certain process which includes choosing the right schools and preparing the application materials. Full Sentence Outlines The full sentence outline format is essentially the same as the Alphanumeric outline. The main difference (as the title suggests) is that full sentences are required at each level of the outline. This outline is most often used when preparing a traditional essay. Select the â€Å"Sample Outlines† PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline. Decimal Outlines The decimal outline is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline. The added benefit is a system of decimal notation that clearly shows how every level of the outline relates to the larger whole. Select the â€Å"Sample Outlines† PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline. Copyright  ©1995-2010 by The Writing Lab ; The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Please report any technical problems you encounter. owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/owlprint/544/ 4/4 How to cite Purdue Owl, Papers

Case study management free essay sample

Answer 1 Roopali Deshmukh understood the specific objectives of her job and how these objectives and how these objectives fit in with the overall objectives set by the board of directors. Subsequently, she implemented the MBO process as a measure to improve the productivity of her sales team. Effective planning and consistent monitoring on her part as well as the team resulted in the successful implementation of the process. The phases of the MBO process which led to the successful accomplishment of the goals, are hereby discussed: The top management instructed the targets, which set the overall organizational goals and communicated them to the people down the hierarchy. As the marketing manager of the company, having daunting targets to achieve, Roopali initiated the MBO program, inviting participation from her sales team to increase organizational performance by aligning goals and subordinate objectives throughout the organization. The management did not interfere much with the means of achieving the objectives gave adequate autonomy to its employees in the lower hierarchy to implement progress achieve their plans. Syd, based on his own career experience, was very much convinced that the marketing research coordinator position would provide Rochelle with greater career potential with Hy Dairies. However, Rochelle is one of the top women and few visible minorities in marketing management at Hy Dairies. She was shocked rather than excited by the job transfer proposal, as she had expected to be promoted. Rochelle enjoys her current position; she views her job more challenging with a direct affect on the company’s profitability. She views the new position more as a backroom job and even as a possible demotion and is not the route to top management in many organizations. What symptoms exist to suggest that something has gone wrong? There were some key observable signs that indicate something has gone wrong when Syd Gilman reviewed Rochelle Beauport annual performance. Syd was so fixated that Rochelle would like the marketing research coordinator position, he failed to recognize Rochelle’s reaction to the news and misperceived her somewhat negative reaction as a positive one. In contrast, Rochelle had different perceptions and expectations that lead her into a tough decision making process of whether to confront Syd on what she perceived as a possible discrimination issue as she was a visible minority or just leave the company. What are the root causes that led to these symptoms? Two interesting pieces of the problem apply to this case: 1-Social identity theory (McShane Steen, 2012, pp. 35) applies to this case. Rochelle has an explicit sense of her social identity as a woman and member of a visible minority in a management position. Rochelle’s immediate thought on the marketing research coordinator position was that this job is a technical support position, in other words a â€Å"backroom† job, a bottom-line activity, marketing research position was not the route to top management in most organizations. She was one of the top women and a visible minority at Hy’s and she thought she was being sidelined. 2-Stereotyping (McShane Steen, 2012, pp. 57), there are evidences that this case involves stereotyping. Syd who is a white male, worked at Hy’s for some time and holds a high ranking position within the company. In contrast, Rochelle who is a female, visible minority woman who holds a middle management position within the company. These two have two characteristic backgrounds, two different professional paths and work experiences. After Syd’s new position proposal, Rochelle views him, just like she viewed her previous employer; as a typical sexist and racist male who believes woman could not take the heat in the company’s marketing management. What is other perceptual error apparent in this case? False-consensus effect (McShane Steen, 2012, p. 63), or similar to me effect. There is evidence of this error within this case. Syd assumed that Rochelle’s surprised reaction was due to the wonderful career opportunity he was presenting her, as a similar opportunity to his own. It was a positive experience for his career, as he is now the vice president of the company. He seems or believes that he is providing her a good career opportunity for her further advancement. Conclusion Humans automatically perceive the world around them. One vital perception in the functionality of an organization is the managements perception on employees. Management has essential roles within each organization. They are the ones that take control and make vital decisions. Managers control the organizations behavior. Thus, managers are required to make the best possible decisions to profit their organization. What Makes an Effective manager? There are a few of the qualities of great leaders that you can learn and practice. Having sharp perception is one of these qualities. Good managers have an easy level of honest communication with their teams and their peers, and a thorough understanding of how they are perceived. In order to make the best decisions, managers need to avoid problems associated with percept distortions. Managers need to gather as much factual information as they can before making a decision. Every decision a manager makes effects organization behavior. If a manager makes negative decisions the employees will not be satisfied. Unsatisfied employees equal less company productivity (Baron Research Group, 2003, p. 3). In conclusion, Syd should try to provide more detailed fact with his offer and be more openly free to talk towards Rochelle. In addition, Rochelle should try to listen with an open mind. She should ask questions and request details of how this is a going to be a career potential for her, rather than makes her decision based on her past experience.